शिवपुराणके अनुसार व्रती पुरुषको महाशिवरात्रि के दिन प्रातःकाल उठकर स्न्नान-संध्या आदि कर्मसे निवृत्त होनेपर मस्तकपर भस्मका त्रिपुण्ड्र तिलक और गलेमें रुद्राक्षमाला धारण कर शिवालयमें जाकर शिवलिंगका विधिपूर्वक पूजन एवं शिवको नमस्कार करना चाहिये। तत्पश्चात् उसे श्रद्धापूर्वक महाशिवरात्रि व्रतका इस प्रकार संकल्प करना चाहिये-
शिवरात्रिव्रतं ह्यतत् करिष्येऽहं महाफलम्।
निर्विघ्नमस्तु मे चात्र त्वत्प्रसादाज्जगत्पते॥
महाशिवरात्रि के प्रथम प्रहर में संकल्प करके दूध से स्नान तथा `ओम हीं ईशानाय नम:’ का जाप करें। द्वितीय प्रहर में दधि स्नान करके `ओम हीं अधोराय नम:’ का जाप करें। तृतीय प्रहर में घृत स्नान एवं मंत्र `ओम हीं वामदेवाय नम:’ तथा चतुर्थ प्रहर में मधु स्नान एवं `ओम हीं सद्योजाताय नम:’ मंत्र का जाप करें।
महाशिवरात्रि मंत्र एवं समर्पण
सम्पूर्ण – महाशिवरात्रि पूजा विधि के दौरान ‘ओम नम: शिवाय’ एवं ‘शिवाय नम:’ मंत्र का जाप करना चाहिए। ध्यान, आसन, पाद्य, अर्घ्य, आचमन, स्नान, पय: स्नान, दधि स्नान, घृत स्नान, गंधोदक स्नान, शर्करा स्नान, पंचामृत स्नान, गंधोदक स्नान, शुद्धोदक स्नान, अभिषेक, वस्त्र, यज्ञोपवीत, उवपसत्र, बिल्व पत्र, नाना परिमल दव्य, धूप दीप नैवेद्य करोद्वर्तन (चंदन का लेप) ऋतुफल, तांबूल-पुंगीफल, दक्षिणा उपर्युक्त उपचार कर ’समर्पयामि’ कहकर पूजा संपन्न करें। कपूर आदि से आरती पूर्ण कर प्रदक्षिणा, पुष्पांजलि, शाष्टांग प्रणाम कर महाशिवरात्रि पूजन कर्म शिवार्पण करें।
महाशिवरात्रि व्रत प्राप्त काल से चतुर्दशी तिथि रहते रात्रि पर्यन्त करना चाहिए। रात्रि के चारों प्रहरों में भगवान शंकर की पूजा-अर्चना करने से जागरण, पूजा और उपवास तीनों पुण्य कर्मों का एक साथ पालन हो जाता है और भगवान शिव की विशेष अनुकम्पा और मनोवांछित फल की प्राप्ति होती है।
Katha
In the Shanti Parva of the Mahabharata, Bhishma, whilst resting on the bed of arrows and discoursing on Dharma, refers to the observance of Maha Shivaratri by King Chitrabhanu.
The story (Vrat Katha) goes as follows….
Once upon a time King Chitrabhanu of the Ikshvaku dynasty, who ruled over the whole of Jambudvipa, was observing a fast with his wife, it being the day of Maha Shivaratri.
The Sage Ashtavakra came on a visit to the court of the king.
The sage asked, “O king! why are you observing a fast today?”
King Chitrabhanu explained why. He had the gift of remembering the incidents of his previous birth.
The king said to the sage: “In my past birth I was a hunter in Varanasi. My name was Suswara. My livelihood was to kill and sell birds and animals. One day I was roaming the forests in search of animals. I was overtaken by the darkness of night. Unable to return home, I climbed a tree for shelter. It happened to be a bael tree. I had shot a deer that day but I had no time to take it home. I bundled it up and tied it to a branch on the tree. As I was tormented by hunger and thirst, I kept awake throughout the night. I shed profuse tears when I thought of my poor wife and children who were starving and anxiously awaiting my return. To pass away the time that night I engaged myself in plucking the bael leaves and dropping them down onto the ground. “The day dawned. I returned home and sold the deer. I bought some food for myself and for my family. I was about to break my fast when a stranger came to me, begging for food. I served him first and then took my food.
“At the time of death, I saw two messengers of Lord Shiva. They were sent down to conduct my soul to the abode of Lord Shiva. I learnt then for the first time of the great merit I had earned by the unconscious worship of Lord Shiva during the night of Shivaratri. They told me that there was a Lingam at the bottom of the tree. The leaves I dropped fell on the Lingam. My tears which I had shed out of pure sorrow for my family fell onto the Lingam and washed it. And I had fasted all day and all night. Thus did I unconsciously worship the Lord. “I lived in the abode of the Lord and enjoyed divine bliss for long ages. I am now reborn as Chitrabhanu.”
